The World for Freedom

Revision as of 20:00, 8 August 2018

This is Mr. Steve. You must condense your article to:
1. Headline
2. Topic sentence
3. Fact 1 sentence
4. Fact 2 sentence
5. Fact 3 sentence
6. Fact 4 sentence
7.Concluding sentence
8. Source: (The URL - the website that you got the news articles from. Like this: Source: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/long-sleeves-on-doctors-white-coats-may-spread-germs/ )
Try to edit the articles again ONLY as I explained above.

Why (almost) Everyone Needs To Stretch When They Exercise

         There are two different reasons for exercising which are recovery, when one is trying to decrease injury, increase strength or accelerate muscle recovery, and remodeling, when losing weight and improving one's mood.  Firstly, stretching does not aid in waste removal nor accelerate muscle recovery, which occurs when exercising for recovery.  On the other hand, stretching for remodeling is effective due to its assistance in helping the body's effort to exercising.  To be specific, stretching before exercising for remodeling is more beneficial.  As stated in the article, "It will help with muscle remodeling, connective tissue strengthening, range-of-motion improvement, joint alignment, and potentially blood flow during subsequent exercise—all beneficial effects in the long run."  To sum up, people who exercise to lose weight and improve their moods should stretch.   
         

Source: https://www.popsci.com/need-to-stretch

The Secret Origins of Blue Diamonds Are Finally Coming to the Surface

        According to the article, scientists scrutinized blue diamonds carefully, they discovered blue diamonds form even deeper down than the previous estimate.  To be specific, blue diamonds form four times deeper below the Earth's surface.  Secondly, theses diamonds get their blue color from boron, which scientist, Evan Smith, believes the boron could have traveled from a sinking ocean tectonic plate all the way down to the lower mantle.  In addition, blue diamonds are really rare.  Moreover, since blue diamonds are formed way deep down the surface, scientists believe that the only way for these diamonds to travel up to the surface is if it is moved by ocean water.  

Source: https://www.popsci.com/blue-diamond-boron-origin#page-4

Did Scientists Discover a New Shape?

         The discovery of the new shape, scutoid (in the epithhelial cells making up human skin), has caused a great deal of thinking for many.  To begin with, people wonder whether there can be new shapes.  In the same manner, according to Matthew Gursky, a professor of mathematics, what matters is how the "paper" defines it.  To be specific, the "paper" discusses about how the scutoid is relevant to biological objects, like the epithelial cells. When scientists stated a shape being "new", "it means that it's shape that has never been mathematically described and studied", as commented by Gursky.  To sum up, the scutoid still needs to go under some questioning on whether it's a "shape" or not.

Source: https://www.popsci.com/new-shape-scutoid#page-2

Tickborne Diseases - Confronting a Growing Threat

       According to the article, the number of tick borne diseases have emerged highly and there are no vaccines to tackle a specific pathogen.  To begin with, the tick borne diseases are spreading fast.  For instance, the B Mayonii tick has been described as a cause of the Lyme disease in the upper midwestern United States.  However, due to the awareness and alertness scientists and doctors have, new technology is also being explored.  As stated in the text, "For example, one of the multiplex serologic platforms that have been developed can detect antibodies to more than 170,000 distinct epitopes, allowing researchers to distinguish eight tickborne pathogens."  To sum up, tick borne diseases are more likely to grow if there continues to be a lack of treatment options for those affected.

Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1807870

How To Make Sure No One Is Spying On Your Computer

         Cyber hacking is very common nowadays.  In order to protect information on your computer or your computer altogether, there are steps to take.  Firstly, one should secure his or her system with an upgraded and updated software.  Secondly, be wary of what you install on your computer to prevent infections, or viruses. Furthermore, know the warning signs. For instance, if your computer is slowing down, it is most often a sign. that your computer is being messed with.  In summary, one should be careful on what is done on one's computer.

Source: https://www.popsci.com/find-and-remove-spyware

A Parallel Universe of Clinical Trials

         Clinical trials prove helpful and informational, but also controversial.  William Halford, a member at Southern Illinois University, began an experiment on volunteers without permission, or consent from an institutional review board (IRB), Food and Drug Administration, or formal consent from the volunteers, according to journalists.  Halford died in 2017 to cancer without publishing the results of the trial and his participants. Moreover, formal consent is needed whenever conducting an experiment, especially on patients or volunteers.  These are needed because there are laws and fundamental standards for protecting patients. For instance, one needs approval from the IRB, informed consent from the participants, and  to inform the risks to the participant before the start of a trial. as stated in the text, "This case opens a window into a parallel universe that spurns the current system of clinical trial oversight in the United States and supports broad right-to-try laws allowing patients access to experimental therapies."  Therefore, one should research on what to do before performing clinical trials.

Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1804552

Oropharyngeal Tularemia from Freshly Pressed Grape Must

         Six harvesters fell ill of "tularensis" in a vineyard.  Firstly, there was an occurrence of cross-contamination in Winery 1.  For instance, a harvester was the source of the cause of the cross-contamination from drinking must.  According to the text, "In the multivariable analysis, we found that drinking fresh must from sort 1A was the only significant predictor for the acquisition of tularemia..."  An inference was made that an infected rodent may have been pressed in with the grapes by the same harvester who drank the fresh must.  As stated in the text, "We infer that an infected rodent may have been collected by the harvester and pressed with the grapes in sort 1A, thereby infecting humans through contaminated must."  Therefore, mechanical harvesting can be a risky factor in which the transmission of a disease from animals to humans.

Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1800353

Fractional-Dose Yellow Fever Vaccination — Advancing the Evidence Base

       In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the yellow fever outbreak emerged a new problem.  To begin with, the vaccine doses  supplied from the World Health Organization (WHO) for 10.5 million people, wasn't enough.  To be clearer, only 5.8 million vaccine doses from the WHO could be supplied because of regulations.  Moreover, the government resolved to fractional - doses of one-fifth of the standard 0.5 ml volume of the vaccine, or 0.1 ml.  However, fractional - doses should be used with caution.  As stated in the text, "Average doses vary substantially among vaccine manufacturers and among product batches.."  This sparked more studies to be conducted on the immunogenicity of fractional - doses.  In conclusion, global vaccine coverage isn't enough for situations like this.

Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1803433

An Addition to Organs

            Scientists believe that they may have found a possible new organ, the interstitium.  To begin with, the interstitium is a network of tissues that wrap around the digestive tract. However, they rediscovered that there were fluid-filled sacs.   As stated in the document, "When researchers took a closer look at this stuff with out squishing it down, that's when they identified the network of fluid-filled sacs."  Additionally, organs are defined as self-contained and sufficient, but the interstitium isn't an organ yet.  Moreover, if it were an organ, it could help figure out mechanisms in the body that aren't still fully understood.  The author comments, "Understanding better how this system works may enable us to find new ways to treat or prevent all these diseases..."  To sum up, the interstitium may be a useful piece of discovery scientists can observe to become more knowledgeable of the human body.